<h1 class="ql-align-center">Urbanization in India</h1> <h2>About:</h2> <ul><li>Urbanization refers to the&nbsp;population shift from rural to urban areas,&nbsp;the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and&nbsp;the ways in which societies adapt to this change</li></ul> <h2>Data:</h2> <ul><li>India's urban population stands at around 377 million (Census of India, 2011)</li></ul> <ul><li>During 2011-36, urban growth will be responsible for 73% of the rise in total population (MoHFW, 2019)</li></ul> <ul><li>Earlier estimations indicate that India will be 50% urban by 2050 (UN-Habitat, 2017)</li></ul> <ul><li>Urbanization contributes nearly 60% to India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP)</li></ul> <ul><li>Urban land in India is 3.1% of the total land area of the country.</li></ul> <h2>Classification of Urban agglomerations: </h2> <ul><li>Statutory Towns: Settlements that are notified under the law by the concerned State/UT government and with local bodies such as municipal corporations, municipalities, municipal committees, etc</li></ul> <ul><li>Census Towns: Settlements that are classified as urban in the census after they have met a set of criteria like at least 75% of the male 'main workers' engaged in non -agricultural pursuits, etc. These are governed as villages and do not necessarily have urban local bodies</li></ul> <ul><li>Outgrowths: These are viable units, such as a village, clearly identifiable in terms of their boundaries and locations. Outgrowths possess urban features in terms of infrastructure and amenities, such as pucca roads, electricity, etc., and are physically contiguous with the core town of the urban agglomeration</li></ul> <h2>Causes of Urbanization:</h2> <ul><li>The natural increase of population, which means the number of births exceeds the number of deaths.</li></ul> <ul><li>Rural to urban migration is driven by&nbsp;pull factors&nbsp;(that attract people to urban areas) and&nbsp;push factors&nbsp;(that drive person away from the rural areas).</li></ul> <ul><li class="ql-indent-1">Pull factors - Employment opportunities, educational institutions, and urban lifestyle.</li></ul> <ul><li class="ql-indent-1">Push factors - Poor living conditions, lack of educational and economic opportunities, and poor health care facilities.</li></ul>