<h1 class="ql-align-center">Nobel Medicine Prize 2021</h1><h2> </h2><h2>﻿Context:</h2> <ul><li>Recently, two United States-based scientists,&nbsp;David Julius&nbsp;and&nbsp;Ardem Patapoutian&nbsp;have been awarded the&nbsp;2021 Nobel Prize for Physiology/ Medicine&nbsp;for their&nbsp;discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch.</li></ul> <h2>About:</h2> <ul><li>The Nobel Prize was set up when businessman Alfred Nobel died and left the majority of his fortune to the establishment of prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">His will stated that the prizes should be awarded to those who shall have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind.</li></ul> <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Since the 1st&nbsp;Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901, they have been awarded annually. It was not awarded, mostly during World War I and II.</li></ul> <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">A Nobel Prize cannot be awarded posthumously.</li></ul> <h2 class="ql-align-justify">Contribution:</h2> <ul><li>They discovered the molecular sensors in the human body that are sensitive to heat, and to mechanical pressure, and make us “feel” hot or cold, or the touch of a sharp object on our skin.</li></ul> <h2>David Julius:</h2> <ul><li>He discovered&nbsp;a new capsaicin receptor discovered for temperature was named TRPV1</li></ul> <ul><li>His findings on the&nbsp;skin’s sense of temperature&nbsp;were based on how certain cells react to&nbsp;capsaicin, the molecule that makes chili peppers spicy, by simulating a false sensation of heat.</li></ul> <h2>&nbsp;Ardem Patapoutian:</h2> <ul><li>He discovered two&nbsp;mechanosensitive ion channels&nbsp;known as the&nbsp;Piezo channels.</li></ul> <ul><li>He is credited for finding the&nbsp;cellular mechanism&nbsp;and the&nbsp;underlying gene&nbsp;that&nbsp;translates a mechanical force on our skin into an electric nerve signal</li></ul>